Avenanthramides are a specific class of hydroxycinnamic acid amides predominantly found in oats. Structurally, they consist of an anthranilic acid derivative conjugated to a hydroxycinnamic acid, a configuration that confers characteristic phenolic and aromatic functionalities. This structural arrangement underlies their notable bioactivity. In plants, avenanthramides participate in defense responses, including modulation of pathogen resistance and mitigation of abiotic stress. In humans, they exhibit a broad spectrum of protective effects, notably anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-fibrotic activities. Their capacity to attenuate genotoxicity and reduce atherosclerosis risk further highlights their relevance as bioactive dietary components [360].